What is the minimum safe altitude over congested areas?

The minimum safe altitude over congested areas is defined as 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle within a horizontal radius of 2,000 feet from the aircraft. This regulation is in place to ensure the safety of both the aircraft and the people on the ground in densely populated areas. By maintaining this altitude, pilots reduce the risk of collision with buildings, structures, and other obstacles, which can be particularly numerous in urban environments.

This altitude standard allows sufficient vertical distance for the pilot to have ample time to react in the event of an emergency that may require rapid descents or evasive maneuvers. It is a critical safety measure that balances the need for aviation access with the protection of people and property below.